Naslov (srp)

Značaj, uloga i profil polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PUFA) u preeklampsiji

Autor

Aleksić Veličković, Vesna. 1966-

Doprinosi

Berisavac, Milica, 1947- (ths, code: 00419)
Varjačić, Mirjana, 1958- (oth, code: 07119)
Živanović, Aleksandar, 1963- (oth, code: 07136)
Vučić, Vesna. (oth)

Opis (srp)

Izvod: Preeklampsija je sindrom nepoznate etiologije koji podrazumeva multisistemski poremećaj u organizmu. To je oboljenje koje se ne može sprečiti ni izlečiti, ali se može kontrolisati, usporiti njegova evolucija i sprečiti komplikacije. Može se javiti u 5%- 8% svih trudnoća i značajno utiče na povećanu stopu perinatalnog morbiditeta i mortaliteta. Patogeneza preeklampsije nije još uvek poznata, u istraživanjima se pominju genetski, imunološki, a poslednjih godina sve više se ističe i dijetarni faktor. Brojna istraživanja ukazuju i da poremećaj antioksidativne aktivnosti enzima i smanjenje nivoa direktnih antioksidanasa predstavlja jedan od potencijalnih uzroka povećane lipidne peroksidacije kod trudnica sa preeklampsijom, što može dovesti do oštećenja vaskularnog endotela i manifestacija simptoma ovog poremećaja. U našem podneblju, gde i dalje dominira sezonski tip ishrane, primećuje se nepravilna ishrana trudnica, nedovoljan unos minerala, vitamina, svežeg voća i povrća bogatog antioksidansima čime se objašnjava povećana učestalost preeklampsije posebno u zimskom periodu. Cilj: Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita dijetarni unos, status polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PUFA) u eritrocitima trudnica sa preeklampsijom i zdravih trudnica i njihovih beba, kao i parametri oksidativnog stresa kod obe grupe trudnica. Metode: Istraživanje je urađeno kao prospektivna studija, u koju je uključeno 30 trudnica sa preeklampsijom i 30 zdravih trudnica kao kontrolna grupa. Dijetarni unos PUFA procenjen je metodom učestalosti unosa namirnica. Profil masnih kiselina u eritrocitima trudnica i iz pupčanika bebe određen je metodom gasne hromatografije. Sistem antioksidativne zaštite ispitan je određivanjem aktivnosti enzima superoksid- dizmutaze (SOD) i katalaze. Uloga i efekat PUFA na ćelijsku proliferaciju određena je pomoću MTT eseja za ćelijsko preživljavanje. Rezultati: Analiza dijetarnog upitnika je pokazala da se trudnice u studiji veoma nepravilno hrane i to ne samo trudnice sa preeklampsijom, već i kontrolna grupa. Unos energije, proteina, a posebno ugljenih hidrata i masti je nedopustivo visok, a unos masnih kiselina koje su od najvećeg značaja za pravilan rast i razvoj ploda nedovoljan. Poređenjem masnokiselinskih profila trudnica sa preklampsijom i kontrolnih trudnica, utvrđeno je da trudnice sa preeklampsijom imaju veći udeo mononezasićenih masnih kisliena, a smanjen udeo PUFA od zdravih trudnica. Ovakve razlike nisu nađene kod beba što pokazuje da placenta štiti bebu od nepovoljnog statusa PUFA majke. Aktivnost enzima antioksidativne zaštite SOD i katalaze je značajno niža kod trudnica sa preeklampsijom od kontrolne grupe. Predtretman endotelnih ćelija u kulturi ribljim uljem kao izvorom PUFA doveo je do smanjenja oštećenja ćelija nastalog delovanjem egzogenog vodonik-peroksida. Zaključak: Status PUFA i aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima se značajno razlikuje kod trudnica sa preeklampsijom u odnosu na zdrave trudnice, što ukazuje da bi se nutritivnom intervencijom mogla smanjiti incidenca ili ublažiti komplikacije izazvane preeklampsiojom u našoj populaciji

Opis (srp)

Umnoženo za odbranu. MEDICINSKI FAKULTET, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu., 2012, dr medicinskih nauka, Humana reprodukcija i razvoj. Bibliografija : listovi 120-131. Izvod ; Abstract. datum odbrane: 21.09.2012. null

Opis (eng)

Abstract: Preeclampsia is a syndrome of unknown etiology that involves multisystem disorder of the organism. The disease can not be prevented or cured, but it can be controlled, its evolution slowed down and complications prevented. It occurs in 5% -8% of all pregnancies and significantly increase is the rate of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia is not yet known, and the research referred to genetic, immune, as well as the dietary factor in the recent years. Numerous studies suggest that disruption of antioxidant enzyme activity and reduction of the level of direct antioxidants is one of the potential causes of increased lipid peroxidation in pregnant women with preeclampsia, which can lead to the damage to the vascular endothelium and the manifestation of the disorder. In our climate, where the seasonal type of diet continues to dominate, there is an inadequate nutrition of pregnant women, insufficient intake of minerals, vitamins, fresh fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, which explains the increased incidence of preeclampsia, especially in winter. Aim: The main objective of this study was to investigate the dietary intake, the status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in erythrocytes of preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women and the neonates, as well as the parameters of oxidative stress in both groups of pregnant women. Methods: The prospective study included 30 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 30 healthy pregnant women as controls. Dietary intake of PUFA was assessed by frequency of consumption of foods. Fatty acid profile in erythrocytes of pregnant women and neonate umbilical cord was determined by gas chromatography. Antioxidative defense system was tested by determining the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The role and effect of PUFA on cell proliferation was determined by MTT essay for cell survival. Results: Analysis of dietary questionnaire showed that pregnant women included in the study have very improper food intake, both pregnant women with preeclampsia, and the pregnant women from the control group. Intake of energy, protein, and especially carbohydrates and fats is unacceptably high. On the other hand, the entry of fatty acids that are of utmost importance for proper growth and development of the fetus is insufficient. Comparing fatty acid profile between the pregnant women with preeclampsia and the control group, it was found that pregnant women with preeclampsia have a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids and a reduced proportion of PUFA than healthy pregnant women. These differences were not found in neonates, which suggests that the placenta protects the fetus from the mother's unfavorable PUFA status. The activity of antioxidative enzymes SOD and catalase was significantly lower in the preeclamptic than the control group. Pretreatment of endothelial cells in culture with the fish oil as a source of PUFA decreased the cell damage resulting from the action of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the PUFA status and antioxidant enzyme activitiy between pregnant women with preeclampsia and healthy controls, suggesting that the nutritional intervention could reduce the incidence or lessen complications of preeclampsia in our population.

Jezik

srpski

Datum

2012

Licenca

© All rights reserved

Identifikatori